Cancers that begin in the female reproductive system are called gynecologic cancers. This includes cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Each of these cancers has different risk factors, signs, symptoms, and treatments.
Knowing your body and what is normal for you can help you recognize any warning signs of gynecologic cancer. Pay attention to changes that may seem out of the ordinary. Early detection can improve your chances of successful treatment.
Bodies can change, and some change is normal. But paying attention to the changes in your body can help alert you when something is wrong.
The following information refers to symptoms experienced by people assigned female at birth. If you have had a surgical reassignment, please discuss any concerns with your physician.
What are the Common Symptoms of Gynecologic Cancers?
Many of these potential signs and symptoms may have other causes and do not necessarily indicate cancer. However, it is important to see a physician if you experience unusual symptoms. Examples of these symptoms include:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge is a common sign for cervical, ovarian, vaginal, and uterine cancers. Over 90% of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer, a type of uterine cancer, experience abnormal bleeding. If you experience bleeding outside of your menstrual period, heavy bleeding, or bleeding during sex, speak to your doctor. If you are post-menopausal, tell your doctor if you experience any bleeding or spotting.
Loss of appetite or sudden weight loss
Feelings of fullness, lack of hunger, and sudden weight loss can be signs of a medical condition. If you experience any of these without changes to your diet or exercise, consult your doctor. Frequent indigestion or nausea may also be a cause for concern. Changes in appetite can be a symptom of ovarian cancer or other non-reproductive cancers.
Abdominal or pelvic discomfort
People with ovarian or endometrial cancer often experience ongoing pain or discomfort in the pelvis or abdominal area. This may include frequent gas, indigestion, pressure, bloating, or gas. These symptoms often also have other, non-cancerous causes. If you have concerns or are experiencing them along with other symptoms, speak to your doctor.
The need to frequently urinate
Ovarian or vaginal cancers may cause a more frequent or urgent need to urinate. If you’re not pregnant and haven’t increased your liquid intake, frequent trips to the bathroom may be a cause for concern.
Pain or discomfort in the vulva
If you’re experiencing pain, burning, itching, or tenderness in the vulva, this may be a sign of vulvar cancer. Pay attention to any changes in vulva color or any rashes, sores, or warts on the skin.
Learn More About Gynecologic Cancers
Understanding what is normal for your body can go a long way in detecting gynecologic cancers as early as possible. If you have any concerns about any new symptoms you are experiencing, speak to your doctor.